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History and Heritage

As the buffer between England and Scotland, Northumberland’s location has shaped a history of iconic battles and conflict. Roman invasions and Viking attacks have resulted in stunning castles and landmarks for you to feast your eyes on.

It’s all in our history

Every inch of Northumberland hides a piece of history and heritage. The buffer between England and Scotland, Northumberland’s very geographic location has shaped a history of violence and conflict.

The legacy of Northumberland’s embattled past can still be seen today through the region’s historic sites. From the incredible architecture of ancient castles, to 73-miles of Hadrian’s Wall, the county’s heritage sites are a reminder of the many conflicts that have been and gone.

From the Roman invasion 2,000 years ago, Northumberland has witnessed plundering Viking attacks, seen Anglo Saxon kings fight to the death protecting their kingdom and set the scene for murderous raids by the notorious Border Reivers. There have been territorial battles between England and Scotland which saw the border town of Berwick-upon-Tweed change sides 13 times.

The legacy of Northumberland’s embattled past can still be seen today. There are more castles than any other county in England within its boundaries. The Roman megastructure of Hadrian’s Wall snakes for 73-miles across high volcanic ridges while the forts and pele towers peppered throughout Northumberland’s now peaceful and scenic countryside are a reminder of centuries-old carnage.

The past is everywhere you look in Northumberland. The best way to discover it is to explore its ancient sites, battlefields, castles, museums and stately homes.

Historic sites

Cragside

Rothbury
Illuminated with hydro-electricity and powered by hydraulics, discover Britain's original smart home.
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Historic sites

Lindisfarne Castle

Holy Island
Iconic Tudor Fort converted into an intimate holiday home in 1903 for Edward Hudson by architect Sir Edwin Lutyens.
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Historic sites

Chillingham Castle

Chillingham
A medieval castle with stunning views of formal gardens and the Cheviot Hills. Perfect for architectural and naturalist/historical enthusiasts.
Museums

Woodhorn Museum

Ashington
Woodhorn brings to life Northumberland’s proud mining heritage. Explore the historic buildings, interactive displays and contemporary exhibition programme.
Historic sites

Berwick Elizabethan Town Walls

Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick's town walls are its most famous piece of architecture and still stand strong today, hundreds of years after they were built by Queen Elizabeth to keep out the invading Scots.
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Historic sites

St Cuthberts Cross

Alnmouth
Said to be the location where St Cuthbert agreed to become Bishop of Lindisfarne when petitioned by the king.
Historic sites

Cherryburn: Thomas Bewick Birthplace Museum

Mickley
Birthplace and childhood home of Thomas Bewick, master wood-engraver, artist and natural history author.
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Historic sites

Wallington House, Gardens & Estate

Cambo
Discover woodlands, walled garden, wildlife, house full of history and collections, cycle trails and play areas at Wallington.
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Historic Sites Berwick-upon-Tweed

Paxton House

Paxton House, an impressive Adam House filled with Chippendale furniture and exquisite 18th century costumes with café, shop and gardens.
Historic sites Chollerford

Chesters Roman Fort

Come and see what life was like at one the Roman Empire's most northern outposts.
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